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#1 Psychology is the science of behavior and mind.
Explanation
Psychology is indeed the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes. It encompasses various aspects including cognition, emotion, perception, personality, and social interactions.
#2 How many planets make up our Solar System?
Explanation
Our Solar System has 8 planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006 by the International Astronomical Union.
#3 Which of these Elements is a metalloid?
Explanation
Antimony is a metalloid with properties between metals and non-metals. Tin is a metal, bromine is a non-metal halogen, and rubidium is an alkali metal. Metalloids are found along the staircase line on the periodic table.
#4 What is the powerhouse of the cell?
Explanation
Mitochondria are called the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the energy currency of cells, through cellular respiration. They convert glucose and oxygen into usable energy for cellular processes.
#5 Which is the longest bone in the human body?
Explanation
The femur (thigh bone) is the longest, strongest, and heaviest bone in the human body, extending from the hip to the knee. It can be up to 20 inches long in tall adults and supports the body's weight during standing and walking.
#6 Who is the chemical element Curium named after?
Explanation
Curium (Cm) is named after Marie and Pierre Curie, the pioneering scientists who discovered radium and polonium. Marie Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and remains the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields.
#7 What does the letter 'S' stand for in 'NASA'?
Explanation
NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Established in 1958, NASA is the United States government agency responsible for civilian space exploration, aeronautics research, and space science.
#8 What is the elemental symbol for mercury?
Explanation
Mercury's symbol 'Hg' comes from its Latin name 'hydrargyrum,' meaning 'liquid silver.' Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature and was historically called quicksilver due to its silvery appearance and fluid nature.
#9 An Astronomical Unit is the distance between Earth and the Moon.
Explanation
An Astronomical Unit (AU) is the average distance between Earth and the Sun, approximately 150 million kilometers. The distance between Earth and the Moon is much smaller, about 384,400 kilometers or roughly 0.0026 AU.
#10 How many planets are in our Solar System?
Explanation
There are eight planets in our Solar System: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. Pluto was reclassified as a dwarf planet in 2006 when the International Astronomical Union established new criteria for planetary classification.
#11 What lies at the center of our galaxy?
Explanation
A supermassive black hole called Sagittarius A* lies at the center of our Milky Way galaxy. It has a mass approximately 4 million times that of our Sun and was directly imaged for the first time in 2022 by the Event Horizon Telescope.
#12 This element, when overcome with extreme heat and pressure, creates diamonds.
Explanation
Diamonds are formed from carbon atoms arranged in a crystal lattice structure under extreme heat and pressure deep within the Earth. This process typically occurs at depths of 140-190 kilometers below the surface, where temperatures exceed 1000°C.
#13 What is the primary addictive substance found in tobacco?
Explanation
Nicotine is the primary addictive alkaloid in tobacco plants. It acts on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the brain, releasing dopamine and creating the addictive properties that make tobacco products difficult to quit.
#14 The Earth revolves around the Sun in one year.
Explanation
Earth completes one full revolution around the Sun in approximately 365.25 days, which we call a year. This orbital motion, combined with Earth's tilted axis, creates the seasons and is the basis for our calendar system.
#15 Salt is 100% composed of Sodium.
Explanation
Table salt (sodium chloride, NaCl) is composed of both sodium and chlorine atoms in a 1:1 ratio. By mass, salt is about 39% sodium and 61% chlorine. Pure sodium would be extremely dangerous and reactive.
#16 The asteroid belt is located between which two planets?
Explanation
The asteroid belt is a region between Mars and Jupiter containing numerous irregular rocky bodies. It formed from leftover material that never coalesced into a planet, likely due to Jupiter's strong gravitational influence preventing planetary formation in this region.
#17 Great Whites sometimes perform the bump-and-bite attack (a test bite) on victims.
Explanation
Great white sharks do exhibit bump-and-bite behavior, where they first bump or nudge their target before biting. This is thought to be investigatory behavior, as sharks use their mouths to explore unfamiliar objects, including potential prey.
#18 Celiac Disease is a disease that effects the heart, causing those effected to be unable to eat meat.
Explanation
Celiac disease affects the small intestine, not the heart, and prevents people from eating gluten (found in wheat, barley, and rye), not meat. It's an autoimmune disorder where gluten consumption damages the intestinal lining.
#19 An average human can go two weeks without water.
Explanation
Humans can typically survive only 3-5 days without water, not two weeks. Water is essential for virtually all bodily functions, and dehydration becomes life-threatening much faster than starvation. The '3-3-3 rule' states humans can survive 3 minutes without air, 3 days without water, and 3 weeks without food.
#20 What is the standard atomic weight of a Plutonium nucleus?
Explanation
Plutonium-244 is the most stable isotope of plutonium with an atomic mass of approximately 244. The number 94 refers to plutonium's atomic number (number of protons), while 244 represents the mass number (protons plus neutrons).
#21 Dry ice is the solid form of what substance?
Explanation
Dry ice is solid carbon dioxide (CO₂) at -78.5°C (-109.3°F). It's called 'dry' ice because it sublimates directly from solid to gas without becoming liquid at atmospheric pressure, making it useful for cooling without creating water.
#22 How many chromosomes are in your body cells?
Explanation
This question appears to have an error. Human body cells actually contain 46 chromosomes (23 pairs), not 23. Each parent contributes 23 chromosomes, and only reproductive cells (gametes) contain 23 individual chromosomes.
#23 Which of the following is not one of the groups on the periodic table?
Explanation
'Fluorines' is not a group name on the periodic table. Fluorine is actually part of the Halogens group (Group 17). The main groups include Alkali Metals (Group 1), Noble Gases (Group 18), and Halogens (Group 17).
#24 What is the hottest planet in the Solar System?
Explanation
Venus is the hottest planet with surface temperatures around 462°C (864°F), even hotter than Mercury despite being farther from the Sun. This extreme heat is due to Venus's thick atmosphere creating a runaway greenhouse effect.
#25 An exothermic reaction is a chemical reaction that releases energy by radiating electricity.
Explanation
An exothermic reaction releases energy in the form of heat, not electricity. These reactions release thermal energy to their surroundings, making the environment warmer. Examples include combustion, respiration, and many acid-base reactions.
#26 Water always boils at 100°C, 212°F, 373.15K, no matter where you are.
Explanation
Water's boiling point depends on atmospheric pressure. At sea level (1 atmosphere), water boils at 100°C, but at higher altitudes where pressure is lower, water boils at lower temperatures. For example, at Mount Everest's summit, water boils at about 72°C.
#27 What is the hottest planet in the solar system
Explanation
Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system with surface temperatures around 462°C (864°F). Despite Mercury being closer to the Sun, Venus's extremely thick atmosphere creates an intense greenhouse effect that traps heat.
#28 Alzheimer's disease primarily affects which part of the human body?
Explanation
Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects the brain, specifically causing memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. It's characterized by the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles in brain tissue.
#29 Which element has the chemical symbol 'Fe'?
Explanation
Iron has the chemical symbol 'Fe' from its Latin name 'ferrum.' Iron is a crucial element for life, being the central atom in hemoglobin that carries oxygen in blood. Gold is Au, silver is Ag, and tin is Sn.
#30 Which type of rock is created by intense heat AND pressure?
Explanation
Metamorphic rocks are formed when existing rocks are subjected to intense heat and pressure deep within the Earth, causing them to change their mineral composition and structure. Examples include marble (from limestone) and slate (from shale).
#31 A plant that has a life cycle for more than a year is known as an annual.
Explanation
A plant with a life cycle longer than one year is called a perennial, not an annual. Annual plants complete their entire life cycle within one year, while perennials live for more than two years, often flowering repeatedly.
#32 Which of the following bones is not in the leg?
Explanation
The radius is a bone in the forearm, not the leg. The patella (kneecap), tibia (shin bone), and fibula (smaller lower leg bone) are all located in the leg. The radius works with the ulna to form the forearm.
#33 What animal takes part in Schrödinger's most famous thought experiment?
Explanation
Schrödinger's cat is a famous thought experiment in quantum physics that illustrates the concept of superposition. The hypothetical cat in a box can be simultaneously alive and dead until observed, demonstrating quantum mechanical principles.
#34 71% of the Earth's surface is made up of
Explanation
Approximately 71% of Earth's surface is covered by water, primarily oceans. This vast amount of water is essential for life and plays a crucial role in regulating Earth's climate and weather patterns.
#35 What is the chemical makeup of water?
Explanation
Water has the chemical formula H₂O, consisting of two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. This simple molecule is essential for all known forms of life and has unique properties like high surface tension and heat capacity.
#36 Which Apollo mission was the first one to land on the Moon?
Explanation
Apollo 11 was the first mission to successfully land humans on the Moon on July 20, 1969. Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to walk on the lunar surface, while Michael Collins remained in lunar orbit.
#37 Which noble gas has the lowest atomic number?
Explanation
Helium has the lowest atomic number (2) among the noble gases. It's the second lightest element after hydrogen and is chemically inert, making it useful for balloons, breathing mixtures for deep-sea diving, and cooling applications.
#38 What is the atomic mass of Carbon?
Explanation
Carbon has an atomic mass of approximately 12 atomic mass units (specifically 12.011). Carbon-12 is used as the standard for atomic mass units, and carbon is essential for all organic compounds and life on Earth.
#39 What is the official name of the star located closest to the North Celestial Pole?
Explanation
Polaris, also known as the North Star or Pole Star, is currently the closest bright star to the North Celestial Pole. It has been used for navigation for centuries, though due to Earth's axial precession, different stars serve as pole stars over time.
#40 How many laws of thermodynamics are there?
Explanation
There are four laws of thermodynamics: the Zeroth Law (thermal equilibrium), First Law (energy conservation), Second Law (entropy increase), and Third Law (absolute zero temperature). These laws govern heat, work, and energy relationships in physical systems.
#41 Which gas forms about 78% of the Earth's atmosphere?
Explanation
Nitrogen (N₂) makes up approximately 78% of Earth's atmosphere. Oxygen comprises about 21%, argon about 0.93%, and carbon dioxide about 0.04%. Nitrogen is relatively inert and essential for protein synthesis in living organisms.
#42 What is the first element on the periodic table?
Explanation
Hydrogen is the first element on the periodic table with atomic number 1, meaning it has one proton. It's the lightest and most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of all matter by mass.
#43 Not including false teeth; A human has two sets of teeth in their lifetime.
Explanation
Humans naturally have two sets of teeth: primary (baby) teeth, which typically appear by age 3, and permanent (adult) teeth, which begin replacing primary teeth around age 6. Most people have all 32 permanent teeth by their late teens.
#44 The medical term for the belly button is which of the following?
Explanation
The medical term for the belly button is umbilicus (or navel). It's the scar left after the umbilical cord is removed at birth. A nevus is a mole, nares are nostrils, and paxillus is not a standard medical term.
#45 What was the name of the first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957?
Explanation
Sputnik 1 was launched on October 4, 1957, becoming the first artificial satellite to orbit Earth. This 183-pound sphere marked the beginning of the Space Age and sparked the Space Race between the Soviet Union and the United States.
#46 What is the unit of electrical resistance?
Explanation
The ohm (Ω) is the unit of electrical resistance, named after German physicist Georg Ohm. One ohm is the resistance of a conductor when a potential difference of one volt produces a current of one ampere. Mho is conductance, Tesla is magnetic field, and Joule is energy.
#47 Stars consist mainly of hydrogen and which other gas?
Explanation
Stars are primarily composed of hydrogen (about 75%) and helium (about 25%). Nuclear fusion in stellar cores converts hydrogen into helium, releasing the energy that makes stars shine. Heavier elements make up only a small percentage of stellar mass.
#48 What is the thin, outermost layer of the Earth?
Explanation
The crust is Earth's thin, outermost solid layer, ranging from about 5-10 km thick under oceans to 30-70 km thick under continents. The exosphere is the outermost atmospheric layer, while the mantle and outer core are much deeper layers within Earth.
#49 Rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure on what part of the human body?
Explanation
Rhinoplasty, commonly called a 'nose job,' is plastic surgery to reshape or reconstruct the nose. The term comes from the Greek words 'rhinos' (nose) and 'plastos' (formed or molded). It can be performed for cosmetic or medical reasons.
#50 The human heart has how many chambers?
Explanation
The human heart has four chambers: two atria (upper chambers) that receive blood, and two ventricles (lower chambers) that pump blood. The right side pumps blood to the lungs, while the left side pumps blood to the rest of the body.